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Pit Vipers

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Know poisonous reptiles BEFORE going into the field -- especially if traveling overseas.

Chances are, you'll see several lizards and snakes in the field.  All will be interesting, most will be harmless, some will be venomous.  Though these animals can be very dangerous, NONE are to be feared unless YOU behave foolishly.  You're smarter than they are, so act like it.

 

The vipers below are listed by common name.  Be sure to check the listing by state, too.

Vipers all possess a very sophisticated venom delivery system with two large, tubular fangs in the front of the mouth that are hinged thereby allowing them to be folded back when not in use.  All the vipers found in North America have a pair of heat sensing pits located between each eye and nostril.

Rattlesnakes are a truly American family of pit vipers since they are not found in the Old World.  ALL vipers are poisonous, and can be deadly if you don't know how to treat a bite.  Also, know what a rattlesnake sounds like (se below)... they often sound more like a buzzing insect than you might think!

A few species of pit viper -- such as the Water Moccasin -- are reportedly aggressive and may intentionally pursue or attack you.

Recently deceased snakes can still have a bite reflex.  Additionally, the poisons from these animals can still affect you long after they've been dead should you snag your skin on a fang for example.

As with all animals, these creatures are a normal and desired part of the ecosystem.  Seeing one should be considered a real treat and not an opportunity to molest it or kill it.

Copperhead Rattlesnake -- Red Diamond
Cottonmouth  ("Water Moccasin") Rattlesnake -- Ridgenose
Rattlesnake -- Blacktail Rattlesnake -- Rock
Rattlesnake -- Diamondback -- Eastern Rattlesnake -- Sidewinder
Rattlesnake -- Diamondback -- Western Rattlesnake -- Speckled
Rattlesnake -- Lower California Rattlesnake -- Tiger
Rattlesnake -- Massasauga Rattlesnake -- Timber
Rattlesnake -- Mojave Rattlesnake -- Twin-spotted
Rattlesnake -- Pigmy   (confused with Massasauga) Rattlesnake -- Western  ("Prairie")  ("Great Basin")

 

Rattlesnakes often make a sound like a buzzing insect.  It's not unlike the sound a cicada makes in the summer.

Click the four buttons below

to listen to a rattlesnake...

This one gives a good, long rattle to listen to, and sounds very genuine. This one sounds the most like every rattlesnake I've heard in the field. This one sounds the least like any rattlesnake I've ever heard. This last one also sounds like many rattlers I've heard.

 

Severity Factors of Viper Bites

Signs and symptoms of pit viper bites generally occur immediately.  The severity of a pit viper bite, depending on how much venom was injected, is gauged by how rapidly symptoms develop.  Other factors that determine the severity of a snakebite include the following:

  • The location of the bite -- fatty tissue absorbs the venom more slowly than muscle.

  • Whether pathogens are present in the venom.

  • The patient's size, weight, and age.

  • The patient's general health and physical condition at the time of envenomization.

  • How much physical activity the patient engaged in after the bite occurred.

 

Signs and symptoms to look for:

  • Fang marks that are often little more than a small scratch or abrasion but may be actual punctures

  • There may NOT be two fang marks present at the bite site -- often, only one fang makes contact

  • Swelling and pain at the wound site

  • Continued oozing at the wound site

  • Weakness, dizziness, or faintness

  • Minty, metallic, or rubber taste in mouth and lips

  • Sweating and/or chills

  • Thirst

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Numbness and tingling around the face and head (a classic symptom)

  • Diarrhea

  • Rapid heartbeat and low blood pressure

  • Bloody urine and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (late stages)

  • Bruising

  • Dead tissue around the wound

  • Shallow respirations, progressing to respiratory failure

 

For treatment of a pit viper bite, click here.

Call the Poison Center for additional information.

 

PARENT PAGE Treating Poison Reptile Bites Poisonous Lizards Pit Vipers Coral Snakes Listed by State

 

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This site was last updated August 20, 2004

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